Empirical Study of Dynamic Properties of Nano Oil in a Vertical Tube Simulated as A Vertical Well - Juniper publishers
Journal of Trends in Technical and Scientific Research
Abstract
The operational conditions selected in the oil industry
depend on the process oil features. Being aware of the oil flow behavior in
different pressures and temperatures is necessary for oil producing from
different fields. The experimental show decrease trend in Reynolds number is
obtained for simple oil through the 0.3 m length of pipe from 1276 to 1164. For
nano oil the decrease trend of Reynolds number is somehow slight from 1807 to
1789. Moreover, the decrease trend of Prandtl number is obtained for both types
of nano oil and simple oil. The values of Prandtl of nano oil changes from 106
to 101 and for simple oil changes from 112 to 103. In addition, the values of
peclet number for nano oil changes from 188431 to 177781 and for simple oil
changes from 181034 to 166720 through the length.
Keywords: Rheology; Crude oil; Heat properties; Ultra-sonic;
Nano particles
Mini Review
These days energy
considered as one
of the fundamental
human requirements [1]. Energy
taken into consideration
as the vital
requirement of an
industry, production of
foodstuffs, and agricultural
productions [2]. So,
that the human
dependence on energy
is unavoidable and
that’s while the
major percentage of
the world energy
is supplied through
the fossil fuels,
the fuels that
their utilization, unavoidably,
on one hand
has damages for
the human health,
and on the
other hand has
damages to the
machinery and installation
of the various
applying industries [3-5]. Here it is useful to take a brief look
at the types of the fossil fuels and their history [6,7]. The fossil fuels are
the ones obtained from the fossils [8]. The fossil fuels are categorized to
three major fuels, embodying coal, oil and natural gas [9]. All three groups
started to form hundred thousand years ago even prior to appearance of the
dinosaurs, the time period that these fuels started to form is the so-called
“Carboniferous”, which has been part of the Paleozoic period [10]. Carboniferous has taken
its name from
Carbon element, which is the most important constructing
element of the coal and other
fossil fuels [11,12].
The reason that
they are called
fossil fuels is that, in years
gone by, the land was full of marshes, covered with the enormous trees, ferns,
and other foliaceous plants, once the
trees and plants
were dying, submerged
deep in the
oceans and were gradually being
buried, therefor the sponge shape layer, the
so-called peat used
to be formed
[13]. After hundred years, peat
was covered by
sand, soil, clay,
and other mineral
materials and these
mineral materials used
to gradually convert
to the sedimentary
rocks [14]. The more
layers accumulated, the
more would be the weight,
and the peat
would be pressed
as far as
its water would
be draining and
after millions of
years converted into
the coal, oil
and natural gas
[15]. The different types
of the cited
fossil fuels have
had various application
levels in the
daily life, work,
and industry, according
upon the progression
level of technological
knowledge and mankind
capability in the
exploration, exploitation, and
their utilization in
different times [16]. But, obviously these days the
utilization of oil and gas is far more and more extensive than coal [17]. Oil
also is one of the fossil fuels, which has originated three hundred million
years ago, some scientists believe that the origin of oil is aquatic organisms,
each one in the size of needle tip and they can act exactly like the green
plants, which means convert the sun light to the stored energy in their bodies
. These creatures submerge at the bottom of a sea and gradually buried
under the sedimentary
rocks, thereafter stones
and rocks press
these tiny creatures
and therefore the
energy in their bodies can’t be exhausted, thus Carbon
gradually converted to the oil through the heat and intense pressure [18].
Materials and Methods
The API of
crude oil is
about 30. therefore,
the experiments are
done with medium
crude oil. Moreover,
the Ferric dioxide
(Fe2O3) is a
transition metal oxide
that has long
been known to
be active for
hydrocarbon decomposition and
has more recently
shown to display
high reforming activity
for various long-chain
Hydrocarbons. Researches showed
that Fe2O3 is
highly active for
reforming isooctane via partial oxidation.Experimental setupThe
experimental set up includes mixing tank, adiabatic tube test section and
electrical heater is used to survey the behavior of nano crude
oil.Investigation of rheology of streamThere are different methods and
equipment for measuring the rheological properties of a fluid. For crude oil
the most common way is by using a Fann 35 Viscometer.Experimental correlations for
calculating of heat
transferThe laboratory measurements
have usually determined
the relationship for heat
transfer between a flowing fluid and a solid surface.
Results and
Discussion
The obtained results are shown in this section. The (Figures
1-4) illustrate the rheology of
nano oil in the vertical tube. Reynolds
number is one of the important dimensionless numbers which is used extensively in hydrodynamic
field. The total effect of
nano ferric oxide on the velocity, viscosity and density of oil through the length is shown in the Figure
1. The decrease trend in
Reynolds number is obtained for simple oil through the 0.3m length of pipe from 1276 to 1164. For nano
oil the decrease trend of
Reynolds number is somehow slight from 1807 to 1789. Evaluation of thermo-physical properties of
the fluid is easier with Prandtl
number to calculate heat transfer properties. Figure 2 shows the changes of Prandtl number versus
length. The decrease trend of
Prandtl number is obtained for both types of nano oil and simple oil. The values of Prandtl of
nano oil changes from 106 to
101 and for simple oil changes from 112 to 103. The Figure 3 shows the values of peclet number of nano
oil and simple oil through the
length. Values of peclet number for nano oil changes from 188431 to 177781 and for simple oil
changes from 181034 to 166720
through the length. Values of Stanton number versus length of tubes is shown in the Figure 4.
The increasing trend is obtained
for both simple oil and nano oil. Values of Stanton change from 1.77×10+3 to 1.87×10+3
for simple oil and from 1.8×10+3
to 1.99×10+3 for nano oil.
Conclusion
The operational conditions selected in the oil industry
depend on the process oil
features. Being aware of the oil flow behavior in
different pressures and temperatures is necessary for oil producing from different fields. Application
of nano ferric oxide in oil is
studied in this manuscript. The effect of addition of different weight percentage of nano particle into the
oil which flows vertically
under different temperatures (ranges from 30-70oC, 25-85oC, 30-90oC)
in a tube section is investigated, experimentally. The experimental show decrease trend in
Reynolds number is obtained for
simple oil through the 0.3m length of pipe from 1276 to 1164. For nano oil the decrease trend of
Reynolds number is somehow
slight from 1807 to 1789. Moreover, the decrease trend of Prandtl number is obtained for both types
of nano oil and simple oil. The
values of Prandtl of nano oil changes from 106 to 101 and for simple oil changes from 112 to 103. In
addition, the values of peclet
number for nano oil changes from 188431 to 177781 and for simple oil changes from 181034 to 166720
through the length. Also, the
increasing trend is obtained for both simple oil and nano oil. Values of Stanton change from 1.77×10+3 to 1.87×10+3 for simple
oil and from 1.8×10+3 to 1.99×10+3 for nano oil.
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