JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-
TRENDS IN TECHNICAL & SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

MATERNAL THYROID DYSFUNCTIONS AND DEVELOPING VISUAL ABNORMALITIES
Authored by Ahmed RG
The activity of the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary- thyroid axis (HPTA) is warranted for the normal development , especially the morphogenesis and angiogenesis of the retina and its gene expression. Regulation the development of the retina by 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) is depending on the expression of the thyroid receptors (TRα and TRβ). During the prenatal period, Thyroid Hormones (THs) regulate the standard development of the retina and eye. During the postnatal period, THs control the differentiation and growth of spectral cone types. At the postnatal day (PND) 10, the progress in the levels of THs in the dorsal retina is concomitant with the terminal maturation of the cones. Also, expression of TRβ2 is required for the cones to stimulate the expression of Mopsin and to inhibit the expression of S opsinduring the development and adulthood. More importantly, the signaling expression of TRβ2 is vital for the development particularly during the embryonic day 15 to PND 5.
On the other hand, several studies reported that the maternal thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism) during the gestation and lactation periods can cause numerous defects as the following.



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