Juniper Publishers journal of scientific and technical research

  Trends in Technical & Scientific Research Abstract The plants defend themselves against insect herbivores through utilizing the combination of direct defense traits and indirect defense approaches. Direct defense is involved both physical and chemical barriers which synergistically obstruct insect herbivore's growth, development, reproduction, etc. The indirect defense approach has no direct impact on insect herbivores but suppress pests by releasing volatile compounds that attract natural enemies of the herbivores. Plant defense against insect herbivores is just one of multiple layers of interactions. Together with plants, these players are involved in complex interaction networks. To elucidate these fascinating interactions biochemical, ecological as well as molecular studies, and combinations thereof, are required. Keywords: Insects; Defense mechanisms; Biochemical defense; Secondary metabolites; Induced defense mechanisms Abbreviations: PIs: Proteinase I...

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  Trends in Technical & Scientific Research Abstract Numerical solutions have been extensively used in recent decades to solve engineering problems in different fields such as fluid dynamics, heat transfer and soil mechanics. In this study a hybrid implicit finite difference approach has been used to calculate the hydraulic water head distribution which is a combination of Gauss-Seidel and Alternating Direction Implicit method. By solving seepage equation for stable flow condition in a two-dimensional homogenous and isotropic environment, water head distribution from high to low values is calculated from four neighboring cells. Results showed by travelling from right to left in head contours, density and value increased. Water head has been divided into 12 equipotential lines. The benefit of using such numerical solutions is their high accuracy and consistency. Keywords: Numerical Simulation; Finite difference method; Line sweeping; Hydraulic head distribution ...

  Trends in Technical & Scientific Research Abstract Field crop cultivation in Japan typically involves the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which can damage the environment. In this study, we investigated soil biochemical properties of the upland fields grown naturally (no tillage, no fertilizer, no pesticide), organically (organic fertilizers, no synthetic pesticides), and with conventional chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The organically managed system soil had significantly greater total carbon and soil bacterial biomass than the other two soils. Also, nitrogen circulation activity was significantly greater in the natural and organic management system soils than in the chemically fertilized soil. These results indicate that environmentally friendly soil management practices in upland fields, such as cultivation with organic fertilizer and no synthetic pesticides can enhance nutrient circulation activities in soil and reduce the burden on the env...

  Trends in Technical & Scientific Research Abstract Nowadays, students struggle with understanding complex production processes and kinematics of machine tools and robots. While professors mostly have been dealing with these subjects for many years, students have only short time to be introduced to the complex nature of these topics. Mixed Reality allows students to engage hands-on in their subjects to reach new dimensions of understanding. Making challenging topics for students accessible by creating a more visual and tactile experience. The applications for entertainment and gaming are off the charts, but the implications for augmented reality in education and science are also undoubtedly massive. The project focusses on making education as interactive as possible, which helps both, teachers and students receive a unique tool for communicating phenomena and processes that are difficult to describe verbally. As a result, a complex knowledge becomes simple, an inv...

  Trends in Technical & Scientific Research Abstract Fault tolerance is in the center of distributed system design that covers various methodologies. This research paper aims to investigate different types and techniques of fault tolerance which are being used in many real time distributed systems. The fault can be detected and recovered by many techniques. Moreover, an appropriate fault detector can avoid loss due to system crash or any kind of failure in system. This paper provides a framework for detecting fault in real time system which is supposed to be handled and processed further by the help of coordinator. Keywords: Fault Tolerance, Fault Detection, Real Time Distributed System, Processor faults, Coordinator, Actuators Introduction When multiple instances of an application are running on several machines and one of the server goes down, there is a need to implement an autonomic fault tolerance technique that can handle these ty...